PROTECTION CONVERGENCE

The Republic of Korea is now a global economic power and reached worldwide level in IT, shipbuilding, steel and automobile industries and is investing huge money in research and development of cutting-edge technolo-gies every year and is requesting a high level security on the company’s core technologies accordingly. However, in spite of the request of a high level security of companies, the cases of core technology leakage in domestic companies are increasing every year. 73% of the technology leakage occur in small and medium com-panies. In addition, though the technology leakage crime is on the increase, the level of legal punishment is low, so the problem is pointed out that the punishment has little efficiency in crime prevention. The purpose of this study is to look at the security level of the National Industrial Complex in Gumi where majority of typical IT companies are located and to search for the security level difference between the large companies and the small & medium companies. To meet the purpose of this research, technology statistics of quantitative research and narrative research of qualitative research were carried out according to the link model of Mixed Methods by Creswell(2003). The result showed high difference between the large and small & medium companies in security level of Gumi National Industrial Complex. In case of the large companies, the answers to the security level of the large companies showed 63 peo-ple(43.1%) of ‘Very high’, 52 people(35.6%) of ‘High’, 23 people(15.7%) of ‘Normal’, 5 people(3.4%) of ‘Low’ and 3 people(2.0%) of ‘Very low’ out of 146 respondents, which showed that the large companies have built up gen-erally satisfactory level of security systems. Meanwhile, the answers to the security level of the small & medium companies showed 1 person(0.6%) of ‘Very high’, 4 people(2.7%) of ‘High’, 33 people(22.6%) of ‘Normal’, 61 people(41.7%) of ‘Low’ and 47 peo-ple(32.1%) of ‘Very low’ out of 146 respondents, which showed that the small & medium companies have built up generally poor level of security systems.

The purposes of this study were to activate crime prevention through environmental design and investigate its effects on community safety, thus establishing devices to prevent crimes in advance and contributing to the reduction of crime rates in crime-ridden districts. The study introduced the domestic application cases of Seoul and Busan and proposed legislative and policy improvement tasks as plans to activate crime prevention through security governance-centric environmental design. The plans to activate CPTED focusing on crime prevention governance are as follows. First, it is to increase the efficiency of preventing crime by expanding and improving a natural monitoring strategy. Second, it is needed to cope with crime efficiently by supplementing access restriction facility. Third, it is secure territoriality so that crime can be prevented beforehand. These guidelines are expected to contribute to improving the safety of local society. In addition, it suggested that citizens' voluntary participation should be critical to the activation of crime pre-vention through environmental design in the communities at the local government level and make huge contri-butions to the reduction of budgets and safety of community.

We are living in a dangerous society. Crimes become more intelligent, violent and expansive, which increases anxiety of the citizens. The states are responsible for suggesting effective alternatives to prevent crimes. In Korea, the police has taken the lead in making plenty of efforts to eliminate possibility of crimes based on Situational Crime Prevention Theory and especially, monitoring of CCTVs applying Crime Prevention through Environmental Design(CPTED), urban development and purification of harmful environment have been implemented in mutual cooperation between local municipalities and the police. The surveillance system intended by the police in the past has become ineffective and thus, convergent ap-proach needs to be made with natural surveillance through CPTED and, to run this system, cooperative policing between local residents and the police. Crime prevention has inherent limitation that it cannot be accomplished with public security alone, which requires proper operation of crime-monitoring in the private sector. Academic circles have highlighted the importance of private security as a partner for cooperative policing and active discussions have been made to realize it. Nonetheless, although various forms of cooperative policing have been implemented in Korea to make up for shortage of police force, actual outcome seems still marginal. In order to strengthen the efficiency of crime surveillance by CPTED, cooperative policing is deemed to be vital and, for this, active participation from local residents is essential. That is, in order to minimize the possibility of crime outbreak, active participation of local residents is crucial based in improvement of physical environments. Many nations are experiencing restrictions in budget and manpower for the prevention of crimes, and efforts are continuously being made by the police and academic circles to apply more effective crime prevention tech-niques. Crime prevention involves limitation that it cannot be perfectly accomplished with public security alone, which necessitates active anti-crime workings of the private sector. The surveillance system intended by the police in the past has become ineffective and, hence, convergent approach needs to be made with natural surveillance through CPTED and, to run this system, cooperative policing between local residents and the police. In line with this trend, it is necessary to change methods of manpower management to maximize participation of private sector out of crime-suppressing attitude centering on existing public security and to suggest a new paradigm for private security to enhance participation of local residents. For this purpose, systematic grounds need to be made to secure private security manpower through partici-pation of local residents and it is also required to actively increase the number of professional local security guards with the appropriate status and authority of legal safeguards.

CHINESS boats operating in the West Coast of EEZ(Exclusive Economic Zone) have perpetrated illegal fishing near NLL (Northern Limit Line) where the crackdown is relatively difficult, shutting between the SOUTH KOREA and NORTH KOREA. Since 2015, they advanced even into neutral zone of the western and northern Han River estuary off Gyodong Island adjacent to Ganghwa Island. Several dozen of CHINESS boats have been fishing in group, causing tension between the SOUTH KOREA and NORTH KOREA. They advanced 500m into the coast, which raises concern about infiltration of espionage agents disguised as CHINESS fishers. Furthermore, reckless fishing activities of CHINESS boats are blamed for devastation of fishing ground and disruption of fishing order. However, this region is a neutral region and falls under the jurisdiction of the Military Armistice Commission. Therefore, KOREAN government cannot clamp down on illegal fishing activities on its own discretion in this region. In addition, this region is off-limits to vessels other than private ships, limiting any access by the coast guard or military for the purpose of crackdown on illegal fishing. To resolve such problems, this study presented measures for relaxation of tension between the two KOREAS, prevention of devastation of fishing ground, restoration of fishing order based on multi-faceted approaches such as multilateral diplomatic activities with involvement of international community including CHINA and U.N., pro-motion of activities of the Military Armistice Commission existing in name only, and peaceful use of the fishing ground with joint management by the SOUTH KOREA and NORTH KOREA, and furthermore, proposed the measures such as permanent military police activities that could increase efficiency of clampdown on CHINESS fishing boats.

No other riddles make human beings as curious as human beings themselves. Among the riddles, security is taken as top priority. Security is directly associated with death which human beings fear the most and further-more represents the underlying principle behind the thoughts and ideas of human beings. Security is analogous to a double-edged sword that makes human lives more convenient and prosperous and at the same time imperils human. Thus, it is of great importance to look into relationship between human beings and security based on questions with respect to human beings and security. However, human beings are not fully aware of security and have misconception towards security. The research issues in this study are related to the question, “Are human beings secure?" In fact, we may already know the answer to that question posed in this study. However, we can increase understanding of the relationship between human and security by ceaselessly asking the question “Are human beings secure?” and answering that question which needs to be resolved necessarily albeit difficult for human living in complicated world. The purpose of this study was to answer the question “Are human beings secure?" while presenting new perspectives by making new assertions other than those made by scholars with regard to relationship between human and security. To answer the question, “Are human beings secure?, we should be aware of human, security, and risk. Human beings tend to take secure course and avert risk or instability based on rational thinking driven by the desire for security. That represents rationality of human. Security generally refers to the situation or state free of concern about potential risks or accidents, and can be classified into real security and sensible security. Risks which en-croach upon security tend to be universal, unpredictable, and infinite. Risk can be classified into three different categories, such as latent stage, perceptive stage, and behavioral stage, from the standpoint of epistemology. First, the insecurity of human stems from the fact that every day’s life is biologically a step closer to death, the risk feared the most by human Second, human would be confronted with unlimited risk if all kinds of risks facing human can be quantified. The finite nature of time, money, and ability that can be leveraged to preclude such risks leads to presence of residual risks. As a result, the biological factor and presence of residual risks make human overshadowed by the feeling of insecurity. However, human pursues security all the time, driven by the desire for safety and rationality, although security is a tantalizing but remote possibility for human. It is an endless loop. This loop cannot be broken, unless the history of human ends. However, this researcher hopes that the results of this study would provide a useful basis for increasing understanding of human and security and subsequently delving into the long and endless explora-tion of human security which began in early part of human history.